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When it comes to choosing your PE-CE routing protocol, what do you think is best?
Choosing the PE-CE routing protocol for MPLS VPN  is an ongoing debate between back end network teams and those who have customer interface roles. They are always trying to satisfy the customer and we are always trying to keep the network [...]

In this post we are going to cover a nice tool, actually I’ve never used it in production, but I was fully testing it during my CCIE SP lab preparations and wish to share it with you. It’s nice to have such a tool in your tool box when dealing with complex designs.
The VRF Selection [...]

Been a while since my last post, I was extremely busy doing a lot of things, anyway I am glade to be back.
This post I am going to cover a nice tool for enhancing IS-IS convergence, I am really amazed by the ideas that the guys out there pop up. Inventing such wonderful tools requires [...]

The word VRF stands for Virtual Routing and Forwarding, this feature is used to create multiple instances of the routing table on the same routing device. VRFs are usally used in conjunction with MPLS VPN to separate the traffic of multiple MPLS VPN customers. VRF Lite feature is part of Cisco’s network virtualization portfolio. VRF [...]

MPLS L3 VPN services is widely used nowadays by many enterprises and organizations. They provide a lot of flexibility in connecting different sites compared to L2VPN services and offloads a lot of the responsibilities from the enterprise to the provider.
I have gained all my networking experience in service provider environments, and have seen very little [...]

Team working is all about producing results with a group of people you love working with … Being part of the same team, working together all day long we decided to extend this level of team working from being members of the same team and writing in the same blog to even write this post [...]

Normally LDP neighbors are found automatically by sending UDP Hello packets on Port 646 with the destination of multicast address 224.0.0.2 out of each LDP enabled interface.
In some MPLS applications a LDP session must be established between non directly connected peers to exchange labels. In such cases Hello packets can not be just broadcasted, instead [...]

Draft Martini and Draft Kompella were the starting points toward standardizing the Layer2 VPN architectures using pseudowire emulation, both drafts addressed setting up pseudowire emulation over MPLS-based networks in order to offer Layer 2 VPN services, but each draft proposed a different approach. Members of the networking community divided themselves into two camps based on [...]

MPLS label range from 0 to 1,048,575 (configurable on Cisco IOS) Labels 0 through 15 are reserved labels. An LSR cannot use them in the normal case for forwarding packets, the labels from 16 through 1,048,575 are used for normal packet forwarding. In Cisco IOS, the default range is 16 through 100,000. This number is [...]

In this post we will be discussing the label binding for static routes and the forwarding of labeled packets destined to these destinations.
IP routing protocols build the IP routing table, and each LSR assigns a label to every destination in its IP routing table independently (Independent LSP Control – Connected, static or learned dynamically via [...]